Invertebrates are defined as organisms having to backbone or spinal column. This group includes 97% of all animals and therefore, is of great import, especially in attempting to determine phylogenetic relationships. The Genome Institute has sequenced and is sequencing many invertebrates for just this purpose. We also have been and presently are working with other sequencing Centers (such as The Broad Institute, The Welcome Trust Sanger Centre, Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, and the J Craig Venter Institute) on joint invertebrate sequencing and analysis projects.